.
Q.16.
Why do you think the servants thought Gandhiji to be another peasant?
Ans.
The
servants knew Rajkumar Shukla as a poor peasant who often troubled their
master, Rajendra Prasad, to help indigo sharecroppers. Gandhiji came therad, to
Rajkumar's company. So, they took Gandhiji to be another peasant.
Q.17.
On what ground did the English owners of indigo plantation demand compensation
from the sharecroppers?
Ans.
The
English owners of indigo plantation demandedcompensation from sharecroppers
because Germany had developed synthetic indigo. They thereupon, obtained
agreements from the sharecroppers to pay them compensation for being released
from 15 per cent arrangement.
Q.18.
Why did Gandhi agree to a settlement of 25 per cent refund to the farmers?
Ans.
Gandhiji
agreed to this settlement thinking that the landlords had been obliged to
surrender part of the money and with it part of their prestige.
Q.19.
How did the episode of 25 per cent refund of money change the plight of the
peasants?
Ans.
The
peasants became aware of their rights. They learned to show courage. Within a
few years the British planters abandoned their estates, which reverted to the
peasants.
Q.20.
Why did Gandhi ji exclaimed: "The battle of Champaran is won."
Ans.
When
the lawyers told Gandhi ji they were ready to follow him into jail, Gandhiji
exclaimed, "The battle of Champaran is won."
Q.21. Why is Rajkumar Shukla described as being resolute'?
Ans.
Rajkumar Shukla is described as being 'resolute'. He came to the Lucknow Congress session to complain Gandhiji about the injustice of landlord system in Bihar. He remained with Gandhiji for weeks until he obtained a fixed date
Q.8. How was Gandhi able
to influence lawyers? Give instances.
Ans.
Gandhi was able to
influence the lawyers by talking . and consulting with them. Gandhiji asked
them what would they do if he went to jail. What would they do for the
injustice to the sharecroppers. Then the lawyers came to the conclusion that it
would be shameful desertion if they returned to home. Being a stranger too
Gandhi was ready to go jail. This ashamed the lawyers and they became ready to
follow Gandhi.
Q.9. Why did Rajkumar
Shukla invite Gandhiji to Champaran? How did Gandhiji solve the problems of
farmers?
Ans.
Rajkumar Shukla invited
Gandhiji to Champaran to . solve Indigo problem. The evidence against the
landlords was overwhelming. They asked Gandhiji how much they should repay.
They thought he would demand full repayment of the money which was illegally
and deceitfully extorted from the share croppers. Gandhi asked for only 50%.
The landlords offered to refund 25%. Everybody surprised, Gandhi agreed.
Gandhi explained that the
amount. What mattered was that the landlords were obliged to surrender part of
the money and with it, part of their prestige. The planters behaved as lords
above the law, but after this incident the peasants saw that they had rights
and persons to defend them.
Q.10. What did Gandhiji do
for Champaran?
Ans.
Gandhiji did many works in
Champaran. For the overall development of Champaran, Gandhiji did a lot. He
arranged volunteers, doctors, teachers for services. He instructed Mrs. Gandhi
to talk to women. Schools, hospitals were opened. Medicines were arranged and
many day to day problems were solved. Gandhiji contributed in many different
ways for Champaran.
Thus the best Gandhiji did
for Champaran was 'Indigo Movement'.
Q.11. What was the
contribution of the ordinary people to the freedom movement?
Ans.
Professor J.B. Kriplani
received Gandhiji at Muzaffarpur railway station at midnight. He had a large
body of students with him. Sharecroppers from Champaran came on foot and by
conveyanceto see Gandhiji. Muzaffarpur lawyers too called on him. A vast multitude
greeted Gandhiji when he reached Motihari railway station. Thousands of people
demonstrated around the court room. This shows that ordinary people too
contributed to the freedom movement in India.
Q.12. What was the plight
of indigo peasants before Gandhi arrived and what changes did Gandhi bring
about in the life of the indigo peasants?
Ans.
The peasant in Champaran
were sharecroppers. The peasant were to grow indigo on 15% of their land. They
were forced to give their crop as rent to the British landlords. With the
advent of synthetic indigo, the British land lords asked for compensation from
the peasants to free them from the agreement. After the episode of 25 per cent
refund of money, the farmers came to know that they had rights and defenders.
They learned to behave courageously. The British landlords were so much
demoralised that they abandoned their estate which was given to the peasants
and indigo share cropping disappeared.
Q.13. How did Gandhiji
secure justice for oppressed sharecroppers ?
Ans.
Mahatma Gandhi secured
justice for oppressed sharecroppers through convincing argumentation and
negotiation. Muzzafarpur lawyers called on Gandhiji to brief him about the
cases of the sharecroppers. Gandhiji argued that taking such cases to the
courts did little good. The peasants were so crushed and fear-stricken, law
courts were useless. The real relief for them was to be free from fear.
Gandhiji had four protracted interviews with the Lieutenant-Governor. He
suggested that the solution of the indigo sharecropper's situation was
negotiations. Gandhiji was the only representative of the peasants. He
succeeded in breaking the deadlock through negotiation with the representative
of the planters. He made the planters refund 25 per cent of the amount. Gandhiji
concluded that the problem of the sharecroppers would not be solved by law
courts. He therefore used convincing argumentation and negotiation method to
secure justice for oppressed sharecroppers.
Q.14. What did Gandhiji do
to remove the cultural and social backwardness in the Champaran villages?
Ans.
Gandhiji thought that the
cultural and social backwardness in the Champaran villages could be removed by
means of education and sanitation. Gandhiji appealed for teachers. Gandhi's
disciples Mahadev Desai and Narhari Parikh and their wives, volunteered for
teaching. Several more came from Bombay, Poona and other distant parts of the
country. Primary schools were opened in six villages and the work of teaching
children began.
Kasturbai, came from the
ashram. She taught people rules of personal cleanliness. She taught them the
ashram rules oncommunity sanitation. People followed her instructions. The
villagers of Champaran were poor, illiterate and backward. The work began and
the cultural and social backwardness in Champaran villages began to give way.
Q.15. Why did Rajkumar
Shukla invite Gandhiji to Champaran? How did Gandhiji solve the problems of
farmers?
Or
How did Gandhiji reach
Champaran and what did he do there?
Or
What did Gandhiji do for
Champaran?
Or
How did Gandhiji reach
Champaran? What did he find there and what did he plan for future proceedings?
Or
How was the civil
disobedience won first time in India? Describe the struggle done by Gandhiji
and others.
Ans.
Rajkumar Shukla was a
sharecropper of Champaran. He was a poor farmer and illiterate. He came to the
Lucknow Congress session to complain Gandhiji about the injustice of landlord
system in Bihar. He invited Gandhiji to visit Champaran (Bihar). Shukla went to
every place with Gandhiji. From Calcutta (Kolkata) they reached Patna by train
and from there they decided to go first to Muzzafarpur, which was en route to
Champaran.
Gandhiji met many
sharecroppers and lawyers. He chided the lawyers for collecting big fee from
the sharecroppers. In Champaran district, the Indian tenants (sharecroppers)
worked for English men by cultivating the crop of indigo and surrendered the
entire indigo harvest to them as rent. The sharecropping arrangement was
irksome to the peasants. The British wanted compensation to be paid to them by
the peasants as they released them from 15 per cent arrangement.
Gandhiji protested the
system and the landlords agreed to refund to the extent of 25 per cent. Now the
peasants saw that he had rights and defenders. They learned courage. Within a
few years the British planters abandoned their estates, which reverted to the
peasants.
MCQs
1. There were
______________delegates and many visitors in the annual convention of the
Indian National Congress party in Lucknow.
(a) 1916
(b) 1920
(c) 1914
(d) 2301
2. Gandhiji told Shukla he
had an appointment in__________________.
(a) Kanpur
(b) Cawnpore
(c) Ahmedabad
(d) Calcutta
3. Kripalani was waiting
at the station with a large body of________________.
(a) youths
(b) villagers
(c) peasants
(d) students
4. Gandhiji chided the
lawyers for collecting _________________fee from the sharecroppers.
(a) big
(b) unlimited
(c) more
(d) unnecessary
5. The landlord learned
that Germany had developed _____________________ indigo.
(a) artificial
(b) new
(c) synthetic
(d) chief
6. Gandhiji did not leave,
instead he proceeded to _______________________ the capital of Champaran.
(a) Tirhut
(c) Motihari
(b) Muzaffarpur
(d) Cawnpore.
7. Morning found the town
of Motihari _____________________ with peasants.
(a) collected
(b) gathered
(c) filled
(d) black
8. The prosecutor requested
the judge to postpone the___________________.
(a) hearing
(b) case
(c) matter
(d) trial
9. Gandhiji took a piece
of paper and divided the _________ into pairs.
(a) advocates
(b) groups
(c) peasants
(d) leaders
10. In
____________________, Gandhiji was summoned to Sir Edward Gait, the
Lieutenant-Governor.
(a) July
(b) August
(c) June
(d) September
11. The representative of
the planters offered to refund to the extent of ___________ per cent.
(a) 25
(b) 50
(c) 75
(d) 100
12. As far as the peasants
were concerned, the planters had behaved as __________________ above the law.
(a) owners
(b) masters
(c) dictators
(d) lords
13. Gandhi ji never
contented himself with large political or ________________ solutions.
(a) socio
(b) economic
(c) financial
(d) personal
14. Primary schools were
opened in ____________ villages.
(a) three
(b) nine
(c) seven
(d) six
15. Charles freer Andrews,
the English ____________ became a devoted follower of the Mahatma.
(a) pessimist
(b) pacifist
(c) scientist
(d) author
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